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' G. A. BARTH.

DIRECT ACTING' ENGINE.

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llNiTnn STATES PATENT @innen GUSTAV A. BARTH, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURL'ASSIGNOR TO PIERRE CHOUTEAU, 0F SAME PLACE.

DIRECT-ACTING ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 397,166, dated February 5, 1889.

Application filed August 20, 1888. Serial No. 283,220. KNO model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, GUSTAV A. BARTH, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of St. Louis, State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Direct-Acting Steam or Pneumatic Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention rela-tes to improvements in direct-acting steam or pneumatic engines wherein the piston is reciprocated in the cylinder by the action of its valve without the intervention of valve-operating mechanism;

and my present invention has for its object l to check the momentum and jar on the piston and its valve when at the termination of their inner stroke, to insure a more positive guide to the piston-rod, and to regulate the stroke of the piston from either end of the cylinder while handling the machine when used for calking, riveting, mining, and other purposes. lt comprises a cylinder bored out concentrically to two different diameters for different portions of its length and a piston working therein, a tubular piston-rod provided with an improved arrangement of inlet and discharge passages, a distribution-valve adapted to reciprocate within said piston-rod, a rod attached to t-he tubular piston-rod and extending through a cylindrical tube or casing projecting from and closing the inner end of the cylinder and provided with a specially-constructed packing device, a stock or holder secured to the outer end of the eXtension piston-rod and carrying a chisel or other appliance, and a supplemental arrangement of ports or passages controlled by a speciallydevised valve for regulating the length ofv stroke of the piston when starting from either end of the cylinder, the whole being mounted on wheels for facilitating the transport and lapplication of the machine.

On the accompanying drawings, Figures l and l represent a central longitudinal scction of my improved direct acting engine adapted for use as a chipping device in mining operations, the piston being shown outer termination of its stroke; Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, transverse sections on lines l 1,2 2, 3 3, 4 4, and 5 5, respectively, the ports and valve, (shown at the lower part at the f taken through 1 of Fig. -1 to an enlarged scale;) and Fig. 7,a full-size longitudinal view detached of the valve as seen with relation to the ports from beneath or at right angles to its position in Fig. l; Fig. S, a transverse section online 6 6 in Fig. l, and Fig. 9 alongitudinal section on line 7 7 in Fig. S; Fig. lO, a similar View to Fig. l, taken diagonally thereto, showing a modification of part of my invention, the piston being part-way along the cylinder toward the outer end of its stroke; and Fig. ll, a trans\f'erse section thereof on line 8 S in Fig. l0.

Like letters of reference denote like parts in the respective figures.

a represents the cylinder, which is bored out concentrically to two different diameters extending in opposite directions from a plane at or near the middle of its length and corresponding, respectively, with the diameters of its piston b, and of a tubular piston-rod, c, which is formed in one piece with or secured to the piston l). The piston b and tubular piston-rod care bored out centrally to provide a cylindrical chamber or cavity, d, which extends from its open end, where it is flush with the outer side of the piston b, to a suitable depth within the tubular piston-rod c, the inner end of which is extended by means of a rod, c', passing through the inner end of the cylinder a and through a cylindrical tube or casing, a, which projects therefrom, and may either be cast in one piece therewith or flanged at oneend and secured thereat by studs or bolts to the flanged inner end of the cylinder a, as shown, or in any other suitable manner. The tube or casing c closes the inner end of the cylinder a and forms a guide for the eX- tension piston-rod c', which is preferably of a circular section for a certain distance from the tubular piston-rod c, but square with convex corners, or otherwise suitably shaped, l where it reciprocates through the outer portion of the casing a', so as to prevent the rotation ot' the piston-rods c c and piston b during the operation of the machine, as hereinafter more particularly referred to.

In the inner end of the tube or casing d', adjacent -to the cylinder a, is fitted around the extension-rod c a suitable packing, e, l which insures a tight joint with the circular i part of the extension-rod c', and at the saine IOO .tio

time permits the square part ot' the rod c to l reciprocate through it without disturbance to the packing', as would occur with an ordinary gasket-gland.

Longitudina-lly into the outer end portion of the tube or casing ai', which is bored from its outer tace l'or the purpose, are inserted, as seen more particularly in Figs. S and t),

two or more )acking-stribs which arev grooved or shaped, respectively, along one side to the sectional shape of the extension piston-rod c', and are turned on the outside t so that when placed together they will exactly tit within the bored end portion of the casing d and closely tit around the rod c. The packing-strips f are secured within the bored portion oit' the casing a by bolts g, x

which pass through the strips fand wall ot' the easing u', to which they are fastened by lock-nuts or other device, a-nd thereby pre- 'vent the rotatitm ot' the rod c d uringI its reciprocation through the casing e',

To the end ot' the extension piston-rod e', external to the outer end ot' the casing a', is lixed a stock or holder, 7l, tor receivingl and holding the chipping-tool i, or other appliance, as the case may be.

ln the outer open end ol' the cylindrical chamber or cavity d in the piston l) and rod c is fitted and tixed a cylindrical fianged tube or sleeve, j, which is flush at its outer end with the outer side of the piston l), and extends a certain distanccwithin the chamber d.

Into the inner end portion of the tube or sleeve j projects the outer diametrically-reduced end portion of a cylindrical distribution-valve, le, which, to the extent of thatportion ot' its length beyond the shoulder of its reduced end, is iitted to and capable ot reciprocation within the chamber d, and is formed with a longitudinal central su ifiply-passage, l, extending' from its outer open end, inclosed -by the tube or sleeve j to a suitable distance therefrom, one or more inlet-passages, m, bein formed near the inner closed end of the snpply-liassage l throught-he wall of the distribution-valve and connnunieating with an annular space, m', formed by a circumferential recess in the interior surface ot' the chamber d in conjunction with the circuinferential surface of the distribution-valve 7.'.

n n? are inlet-passages leading to the chamber d, through the wall of the latter, trom the outside of the tubular piston-rod c.

o is an inlet-passage extending from the outside oi' the tubular piston-rod c beyond the. inlet-passages n?, through the wall ot' the tubular pistonrod f', and through the inner end ot' the chamber d, with which it communicates behind the distribution-valve It; and p is an outlet-passage cxtendin trom the side of the chamber d, at a suitable distance from the Vinner end of the latter, tln'oug'h the tubular piston-rode, to the outside ot' the latter toward its inner end.

q q are exhaust-passages extemfling from the interior ol. the tube or sleeve j through the wall. of and surroundin g thelatter, and thence longitudinally through the inner portion oli' the piston l), as indicated by dotted lines in Figs. 1 and lO, and tubular piston-rod c, to a circllmferential recess, q', formed on the outside ol' the rod c toward its inner end beyond the outlet-Imssage p, by which arrangement the inner end of the t'tubular piston-rod c is closed tor the purpose ot' cushioning the piston l) and rod c at: the tcrinination ot' their inner stroke, as hereinafter more partiet'llarly referred to.

(f is an exhaust-lmssage opening' trom the small portion ot' the cylinder u into the external atmosphere.

Steam or other motive fluid is admitted to the engine through the inlet-passage y1', which opens into the cylinder et at the inner end ot' its larger portion, and is provided Vat its mouth with aA suitable valve (not shown) l'orront rolling` the pressure.

In (nieration,the parts beingin the position seen in Fig. l, the operator locates the machine by means ot' its'llamlle .s and wheels t into the desired position for the worlt, and admits steam or other motive liuid through l the inlet-passage yr into the cylinder a on the 1 inner side ol the piston l), as indicated by the l arrows, where, circulating around the tuln'llar l piston-rod c, passes through the inlet-pasl sages n, annu lar space m', and inlet-passages i in into the central supply-passage, t, of the distribution-valve lr, and tln'ough the tube or sleeve j to the outer side of the piston b, which, with the tubular piston-rod c, is thereby forced toward the inner closed end ol the cylinder e, and, carrying witlr them the extension pistonrod c and stock or holder 71 causes the chip- ],iing-chisel to strike upon the material to be dislodged. Mean while the outlet-passage1J, on reaching the exhaust-passage q2 through the wall ot' the small portion of the cylinder a, and the inlet-passages n, '122,a11d 0 entering the same part of the cylinder a, and being thereby closed to the ingress of steam, the steam which was behind and held the distrilnition-valve 7U' in its outward position is exhausted through the passages p and q2 and allows the distrilnition-valve /t' to be t'oreed toward the inner end ol' its chamber d, so as to close the niiet-passages n a2 and thereby prevent the subsequent entrance of. li ve steam to thecentral supply-passage, Z. As the distrilnition-wtlve L is approaching the end ot' its travel, it closes the mouth oll the outletpassage p, so that the steam then occupyingl the space between Athe distriIgnition-valve k and the inner end ot the chamber d, and that contained in the inletz-lntssage o, not being' able to escape, is compressed and arts as a minatiug' its stroke.. lo reruler this cush- IOC IIO

cushion to the flistrilnltionvalve /r in terfines the cushioning to the layer of steam imprisoned at the inner end of the chamber (Z, which positively prevents the distributionvalve k from strikin and jarring against the chamber d thereat. ln a similar manner the inner end of the tubular piston-rod c, on approaching the corresponding end of its stroke in the cylinder e, closes the exhaust-passage q2 through the side of the cylinder a, and the air thereafter confined in the latter between its inner closed end at the casing a and the tubular piston-rod c compressed and acts as a cushion to the piston b and rod c when terminating their stroke.

To prevent the accidental outward stroke of the distribution-valve in the chamber d during the return-stroke of the piston l), a slight backward or inward pressure is imparted to the valve 7tby small inlet-passages w, which are located at or near to the inner side of the piston l) and open from the outside of and through the wall of the tubular piston-rod c into the chamber d between the shoulder of the valve 7c and the inner end of the tube or sleeve j. Simultaneously by the inward movement of the distribution-valve k its outer reduced end uncovers t-he exhaustpassages p, through which and through the circumferential recess q around the inner end portion of the tubular piston-rod c the steam from the outer side ot' the piston l) is exhausted through the passage q2 into the atmosphere, and the steam contained in the cylinder uy on the inner side of the piston b presses upon the annular surface of the latter, and thereby forces the piston b, with the tubular piston-rod c, toward the outer end of the cylinder u, or so as to withdraw the chisel v 'i from the material until the inlet-passage o passes just beyond the outer end of the small portion of the cylinder (t into the larger portion ol' the latter, when the steam from the space on the inner side of the piston L enters the passage o and forces the distributionvalve outward to its original position, or with the shoulder of .its reduced end bearing against the inner end of the tube'or sleeve j, thereby again opening communication between the inlet-passages yn `m ym for admitting the steam to the outer side of the piston l) and to the passage n2 for supporting the distribution-valve l; in the outward position while the piston l) is performing its return-stroke.

By the use of the extended piston-rod c',

guided at both ends of the long cylindrical casing ci', combined with the cushioning of the tubular piston-rod c and distributionvalve 7c at the termination of the percussive stroke, greater steadin'ess and precision of action are imparted to the piston l) and its appendages, with less jar and liability to breakage of the parts hitherto produced by the blow of the chisel.

The above description applies to the normal operation of the machine with the piston and its appendages making a full stroke in the cylinder; but in practice it is found desirable to shorten the stroke of the piston for producing short and rapid blows of t-he chisel against the material to be dislodged.

To this end there are formed, through the wall of the cylinder a, at the lowest or other convenient part of its small portion between the inner end of the larger portion and the main exhaust-passage q2, (see Fig. 1,) supplemental ports or passages l '3 3 et 5, (more or less,) which are in line with each other at .suitable distances apart and with the outletpassage p from the chamber d, containing the distribution-valve 7V'. These ports or passages l 2 3 #t5 open from the cylinder ci into a cylindrical chamber, r, formed longitudinally in the wall of the cylinder a, and within the chamber fu is fitted a long cylindrical valve, fw, to which is attached an operating-spindle, yw', extending to the outer end of the machine and provided thereat with a suitable handle, "102. The wall of the valve yw is cut away in a series of successive notches or spaces equal in number to the ports l 2 3 4 5, and corresponding in length, respectively, with the arithmetical progressive additions of their diameters-that is to say, the circumferential length of the iirst notch around the valve fw will be that due to the diameter and necessary cover of port l, the second notch -that due to port l plus port 2, the third notch to port l plus 2 plus 3,and so on throughout the entire series, so that during a complete revolution 'of the valve I1.o the ports l 2 3 5 may be successively or simultaneously opened or closed at pleasure from the cylinder a to the interior of the valve fw and its chamber Q', which comnnuiicates at one end with the external atmosphere.

As seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 7, the position of the valve w is so that .its first notch or space` is opposite to port Yi. and its other spaces in the various relative positions to the ports 2, 3, l, and 5, as seen, respectively, in Figs. 3,4, 5, and 6-that is to say, the entire series of ports l 2 3 e 5 are open, and establish communication from the cylinder a, through the valve yzu and its chamber fr, to the external atmosphere. This being so, and the piston b performing its inner stroke, as soon as the mouth of the outlet-passage p in the tubular pistonrod c arrives opposite to port l the steam which was behind and held the distributionvalve 'It in its outward position is exhausted through port] and allows the distributionvalve L' to be lorccd toward the inner end of -its chamber d, which causes the steam previously pressing' on the outer side of the piston i) to be exhausted through port 2, and the movement ot' the piston l) thereby reversed in precisely the same manner as if the passage p had been permitted to complete its full travel and exhaust through the ordinary pas-` sage, q2. By this means the stroke of the piston l) is shortened to the extent of the distance between port l and the passage q2. In a similar manner by partially rotating the valve w by the spindle w and handle tu2 to IOO IIO

the left hand the port l is closed by the wall ci the valve nf, the other ports, 2, j s, and 5 remaining open, so that the passage p of the rod c does .not exhaust until arriving opposite port 2, which shortens the stroke of the piston b' to the extent of the distance between port 2 and the exhaust-passage q2, and so on, by successive partial rotations the ports 3, i,

and 5 maybe successively opened or closed to i haust passages n and q q', inlet-passages n2 in the passage p, the ports meanwhile between that exposed te the passage p, VFor shortening the piston-stroke, and port l remainin closed by the wall of the valve u, which on a complete revolution closes the entire series of ports jl Q 3 l ln the modification olf this part olf my invention, as seen in Figs. l() and ll, in lieu of exhausting the steam, as described, its pressure utilized Forshortcningthe stroke of the piston l). YFor this purpose the cylindrical valve y is iitted wit hin the chamber .e adja cent to the ports l. 2 3 it 5 and closed at both ends. Through the wall of and openingI from the larger portion of the cylinder a at its inner end is a passage, I1', which communicates with the interior of the valve gj and chamber .2', the valve z/ being similar in construction to the valve u in Fig. l, except that the ports l 2 J i 5 and the corresponding notches or spaces in the valve `y are in reverse order, and that the ports l, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are in line with the mouth of the inlet-passage o, which communicates with the chamber d behind the distribution-valvc 7.', in lieu of with the passage p, as in Fig. 1.

The position of the valve y as seen in Figs. l0 and 'll is so that the ports l 2 3 i 5 are open to the chamber s. As soon, therefore, as the mouth of the inlet-passage 0, during the outer stroke of the piston l), arrives opposite to port l, the steam coming from the larger portion of the cylinder a through the passage h passes through port l and passage 0 and, forcing the distribution -valve k outward, reverses the movement of the piston ZJ in the same manner as if the passage e had traveled to its full eX- tent to the inner end of the larger portion of the cylinder a, for receiving the pressure in making a full stroke; or, 'in other words, the stroke of the piston is thereby shortened to the extent ot' the distance between port l and the commencement orinner end of the larger portion of the cylinder a. By successive partial rotations ot' the valve y the ports 2 3 4c 5 may be successively closed, or all closed simultaneously, as with the arrangement in Fig. l..

' l claim l. The combination ol' a cylinder, u, a piston, b, Iitting therein, a tubular piston rod, c, formed on or secured to said piston and provided with separate inlet and exhaust passages n and q, respectively, said passages g communicating with a circumferential recess or passage, q', on the inner end portion of the piston-rod c, a distribution-valve, 71:, fitting Within a chamber or cavity, d, in said pistonrod and having a central supply-passage, extending from its open end to lateral ports )mand annular passage m adjacent to the inner end of the chamber d, the ports 'in and passages Z m being so larranged as to communicate alternately with the said inlet and eX- the tubular piston-rod` c communicating with the chamber d between its inner end and the corresponding end of the distributionvalve 1, an inlet-passage,o, in the piston-rod c, opening into the chamber d at its inner end behind the distribution-valvc 7.1, and an exhaust-passage p, leading from the side of the chamber d and through the piston-rod c tothe outside of the latter, an exhalist-passage, q2, in the cylinder @,and inlet-passages af in the piston-rod c, communicating with the chamber CZ above the upper shoulder of the distribution-valve 7a when in its extreme inner position, the whole operating to hold, reverse, and cushion the distribution-valve 7i; at the proper tim es and so govern the supply and exhaust of motive fluid to and from the piston b and distributionvalve 7L', substantially as shown and described.

The combination of the distributionvalve 7a, having a projection, u, with the inletpassage o, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

3. The combination ol' cylinder a, piston (i, and tubular piston-rod c, closed at its inner end, and extension piston-rod c', with cylindrical casing a closing the inner end of cylinder d, for cushioning the tubular piston-rod c, substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination of tube or casing a. and extension piston-rod c with packing-strips f, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

5. The combination of exhaust ports or passages and valve fw with the outlet and exhaust passages from piston and piston-rod, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

6. The combination of exhaust ports or passages and valve w with the outlet-passage p, and exhaust-passages q` q from piston l) and piston-rod c, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

7. The combination of inlet ports 0r pas sages and valve y with outlet-passage from cylinder and inlet-passage in piston-rod, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have ai'lixed my sig nature, in presence of two witnesses, this 16th day of August, 1838.

GUSTAV A. BARTH. blitnesses:

PAUL BAKEWELL, REN BAKEWELL.

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